Rome, the Eternal City, is a treasure of history and culture, but also an epicenter of Christianity. Its churches, imposing basilicas and smaller chapels, are silent witnesses to centuries of faith and power.

In this guide, we will take a tour to learn about the development of these sacred places, their origins, and their religious and cultural impact on the city and the world. Additionally, we will provide practical tips so visitors don’t miss the most notable sites.

History and significance of churches in Rome

Rome is a living testimony to the evolution of Christianity, reflected in its numerous chapels and basilicas. In fact, it has always been the seat of the Pope. The churches of Rome, in addition to being places of worship, are symbols of Christian history and culture.

Origins of Christianity in Rome

The arrival of Christianity in Rome dates back to the 1st century AD, when the first Christian communities began to settle in the area. These early believers gathered in private homes known as “domus ecclesiae” to celebrate their rituals and masses. Over time, these clandestine meetings led to the creation of more formal worship spaces.

The first Christian community was influenced by the apostles Peter and Paul, who preached and were martyred in Rome. Likewise, the catacombs were used as burial and worship places during Roman persecutions. They are a testimony to the enduring faith of Christ’s followers.

The Edict of Milan, promulgated in 313 AD by Emperor Constantine, marked a milestone by legalizing Christianity. It was the date when the construction of the first public churches in the Roman Empire was facilitated.

For contemporary travelers, the option of staying in nearby monasteries and convents offers a unique experience. In these spaces, those undertaking pilgrimages can feel part of an extensive religious tradition.

Evolution of churches over the centuries

The transformation of humble domus ecclesiae and catacombs into imposing basilicas reflects the growth of Christianity, as well as the influence of popes and emperors.

Starting in the 4th century, with the conversion of Emperor Constantine, the first great basilicas were erected, such as St. John Lateran and St. Peter’s. Their construction can be considered the beginning of an era of monumentalism in Christian architecture.

Over the centuries, the influence of the popes was a key aspect in the construction and embellishment of the structures. Notable examples include the Basilica of St. Mary Major and the renovation of St. Peter’s during the Renaissance under Pope Julius II’s patronage.

The truth is that each era has left its mark on the churches of Rome. The Byzantine and Romanesque splendor, as well as the exuberant Baroque, are examples that highlight the immense fusion of art, faith, and power.

The history of the most important churches in Rome is a reflection of the evolution of Christianity and its consolidation as a dominant religion in Europe. The majestic basilicas and the more modest chapels tell stories of faith, resistance, and transformation.

Just like the Holy Family of Nazareth, all of these stand out as a symbol of devotion and a reference point for pilgrims from around the world. For visitors, experiencing such structures offers a spiritual experience and a journey through the past and the art of Western civilization.

Major Basilicas: the pillars of Christianity

The Major Basilicas of Rome are much more than just buildings. Their architectural grandeur and artistic wealth are remarkable. Let’s take a look at some of the most outstanding ones.

Basilica of St. Peter

The Basilica of St. Peter, located in the Vatican, is the epicenter of the Catholic faith and one of the largest churches in the world. Its imposing architecture and rich history make it a must-visit destination for both the faithful and tourists alike.

Built over the tomb of the apostle Peter, the current basilica was designed by figures such as Michelangelo and Bernini, with a Baroque facade that takes visitors’ breath away.

Inside, the basilica houses an impressive collection of relics and notable art. Masterpieces include the famous Pietà by Michelangelo and the baldaquin by Bernini covering the main altar.

For Christian pilgrims, visiting St. Peter’s tomb is an act of devotion and an opportunity to deeply connect with the origins of their faith and feel its spiritual legacy.

Basilica of St. John Lateran

Known as “Mother and Head of all churches of Rome and the world,” the Cathedral Archbasilica of St. John Lateran is the cathedral of Rome and the oldest of the four major basilicas. Commissioned by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century, this place has witnessed important ecumenical councils and is part of Christian history.

Its impressive neoclassical facade is just the beginning of its beauty. Inside, you can see works by artists such as Borromini and medieval frescoes that tell the life of Christ in a remarkable way.

Although overshadowed by the grandeur of St. Peter’s, it remains the official seat of the Bishop of Rome, making it a cornerstone of Roman Catholicism.

Basilica of St. Mary Major

Known for its magnificent interior and rich history, the Basilica of St. Mary Major is a valuable gem in the history and culture of Rome. According to legend, the structure was built at the site where the Virgin Mary performed a snow miracle in August, which led to the construction of this church in the 4th century.

The stunning 5th-century golden mosaics beautifully adorn its main nave. Additionally, the 13th-century intricately carved wooden ceiling and the treasure of sacred art, including relics and liturgical ornaments, add an unmatched splendor to the overall structure.

It is worth noting that the church is the setting for important religious celebrations, such as the Mass of the Nativity and the Solemnity of the Virgin Mary. All of these attract faithful from around the world who seek to connect with their faith.

Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls

Located outside the walls of ancient Rome, the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls is a sanctuary dedicated to the apostle Paul, whose tomb lies inside.

Originally built by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century, the current basilica is a 19th-century reconstruction after a devastating fire destroyed the original building. However, this restoration preserved its historical essence.

Although less known than St. Peter’s, this building impresses with its vast nave and impressive mosaics, which depict biblical scenes and the life of St. Paul.

For Christian believers, visiting St. Paul’s tomb is an act of devotion and an opportunity to connect with the origins of their faith. Furthermore, some pilgrims choose to follow the St. Paul’s Route, visiting places associated with his life and preaching.

This journey allows them to delve further into understanding the apostle’s legacy. For a more immersive experience, many choose to stay in nearby monasteries and convents, where they can fully immerse themselves in the spiritual atmosphere of the pilgrimage.

Smaller chapels and churches with great significance

The smaller chapels and churches of Rome may be small in size, but their historical, cultural, and spiritual importance is immense. They are true gems that deserve to be discovered, especially if you are looking for a more intimate experience in the Eternal City.

Sistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel, located in the Vatican Museums, is one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art and one of the most sacred places in the world for Catholics. Commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV in the 15th century, the chapel served as a place for private Masses, ceremonies, and, of course, the usual papal audience.

The church is famous for its ceiling frescoes, masterfully painted by Michelangelo. In these works, magnificent scenes from Genesis are depicted. Additionally, it stands out for the altar, which features the monumental Last Judgment, also created by the aforementioned artist.

Although the Sistine Chapel is primarily known for its impressive Renaissance art, it also serves religious functions. For example, it hosts the papal conclave, where cardinals gather to elect the new Pope, giving it an important role in ecclesiastical history.

Basilica of St. Clement of Lateran

The Basilica of St. Clement is a fascinating archaeological palimpsest that shows layers of history from ancient Rome to the Middle Ages. More than just a basilica, it is a collection of buildings around a church dedicated to Pope Clement I.

The excavations in the church have revealed a structure from the 1st century AD, believed to have been a Roman house used for clandestine Christian worship during the persecutions. This archaeological discovery sheds light on the early days of Christianity.

The excavations at the church have revealed a structure from the 1st century AD, believed to have been a Roman house used for clandestine Christian worship during the persecutions. This archaeological discovery sheds light on the early days of Christianity.

The current church, built in the 12th century, retains elements from its 4th-century predecessor, as well as medieval frescoes and Byzantine mosaics.

Church of Santa Práxedes

The Basilica of Santa Práxedes, located in the center of Rome, is another treasure that houses a rich collection of art and relics.

Built in the 8th century over an ancient Early Christian church, the structure is associated with Santa Práxedes, who is said to have collected the tears of Christian martyrs during the Roman persecutions. In fact, this site is built over what is believed to have been her house.

The interior of the church is adorned with beautiful 9th-century Byzantine mosaics and houses relics of saints and martyrs, including the columns where it is believed Jesus was flogged.

Church of San Luigi dei Francesi

The Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, dedicated to Saint Louis, King of France, is a gathering place for the French community in Rome and an artistic treasure thanks to Caravaggio’s masterpieces. Built in the 16th century to serve the French community, the church is a symbol of the long relationship between France and the Holy See.

The church houses three famous paintings by Caravaggio depicting scenes from the life of Saint Matthew, considered some of the finest works of the Baroque master. In fact, they marked a turning point in the history of religious art, influencing generations of artists that followed.

Practical Tips for Visitors

Visiting the churches and basilicas of Rome can be a very exciting experience, but it also requires good planning to make the most of your time and avoid setbacks. In the context of the Jubilee of Rome 2025, it is even more important to plan ahead to ensure a rewarding and meaningful experience.

Here are some practical tips for organizing a smooth visit:

• • Prior research: before arriving in Rome, visitors are advised to research the churches and basilicas they want to visit. This will give them an idea of what to expect and allow them to plan their itinerary efficiently.

• • Opening hours: check the opening hours of each church you plan to visit, as they may vary depending on the day of the week and religious holidays.

• • Avoiding crowds: to avoid crowds, it is recommended to visit the churches during less busy hours. Early mornings or late afternoons are more advisable.

• • Hiring local guides: hiring a local guide can enhance the visit experience. They provide detailed historical and cultural information, as well as offer a unique perspective on the most interesting places.

• • Specialized tours: joining specialized tours focused on specific aspects of the churches (art, architecture, or religious history) helps to delve deeper into areas of particular interest.

• • Apps and audio guides: some churches offer mobile apps or audio guides that include specific information about their features and points of interest. These can be an excellent option for those who prefer to explore at their own pace.

• • Appropriate attire: it is necessary to dress respectfully when visiting places of worship. It is advisable to cover the shoulders and legs, and avoid revealing or flashy clothing.

• • Silence and respect: it is essential to maintain a low voice and avoid disruptive behavior inside the churches. The contemplative and prayerful atmosphere of the faithful present should be honored.

• • Photography in moderation: while photography is allowed in many churches, it should be done in moderation and with respect. Avoid using flash and respect restricted areas where photography is not permitted.

By following these practical tips, visitors can enjoy an authentic experience while discovering the most impressive chapels and basilicas of Rome.